Physical distance and livelihood options.Impacts of cultural values and norms towards improved livelihood options and solutions.Analyzing peri-urban and urban agriculture – going for business unusual intervention to improve livelihoods.Natural resources (NR) and livelihood options (analysis of the interdependence of poverty and land degradation).Economic activity options including new frontiers such as ➢ The role of tourism as alternative livelihood options within RUL setting ➢ Value adding, etc….Institution – public, private and communal institutions both in rural and urban settings, issues related to institutional linkages and stability ° Livelihoods analysis.Policy – rural policies, urban policies, RUL-relevant common policies and International conventions and agreements including land tenure policies.Knowledge and information flow – analysis of flows of market and other information, skills, services, etc ° Policy and institutional analysis. Labor flow (migration) – migration (RU, RR, UR, cross boarder) including flows of remittance/capital and gender and age relations.Products flow (Value chain analysis) – flows of forest, crop (including high value horticultural products) and livestock products and by products agricultural inputs market and market infrastructure.Natural resources – flows of water, energy, sediment, nutrients, pollutants within rural-urban continuum.The identified priority action areas are: ° Flow analysis (goods and services) Priority action areas were identified under each sub-theme to be incorporated in the improved version of the concept note. While endorsing the proposed sub-thematic areas, it was recommended to depict clearly the interconnections between the sub themes in the design of the conceptual framework (see Figure 2 of the paper presented by Gete Zeleke () which shows the revised conceptual framework as per the recommendation). Key outcomes of the workshop: - Cognizing that RUL was a missing element in Ethiopia’s development endeavor and the consideration of RUL in PASDEP, a general agreement was reached that the initiative will be instrumental in providing vital information in addressing the current gap. The first day of the workshop was dedicated for paper presentations and second day for group work and panel discussions. The workshop was organized in to paper presentation sessions and group work sessions followed by a panel discussion. The workshop was officially opened with welcoming and opening remarks by high level officials from EIAR, GMP, EPA and MoARD. The workshop was attended by 80 participants drawn from federal and regional government offices, higher learning institutions, civil society organizations, private sector and International Agricultural Research Centers. The primary objective of the planning workshop was to enrich the draft conceptual framework for the RUL Thematic research area and devise the way forward for action research/development intervention to strengthen RUL and thereby support the development efforts of the country. Executive Summary: A two-day planning workshop on RUL was conducted from August 29-30, in Addis Ababa.
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